Childhood Obesity: Updates on Current Treatments

Rates of obesity among adults and children in the United States have been on the rise for decades and continue to increase based on recent studies. This is due to a combination of individual, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Most recent studies indicate that 19.7%, or approximately 14.7 million children and adolescents, are affected by obesity. Addressing and preventing obesity in this population requires a comprehensive approach that includes counseling on healthy diet and exercise, behavioral interventions, possible pharmacotherapy, and, in some cases, surgical referral. A team-based approach is recommended, involving physicians, exercise physiologists, physical therapists, dietitians, diet assistants, psychologists, and social workers. While therapeutic lifestyle changes are the primary focus of treatment, providers must also consider socioeconomic factors, mental health, treatment of comorbidities, and familial factors in their treatment plans. Primary care providers should be familiar with all treatment options, including pharmacotherapy and when to refer for bariatric surgical consultation. This article aims to summarize the risks and consequences of childhood obesity, outline the approach the osteopathic family physician can take to treat the pediatric patient with obesity, and provide updates on the latest guidance and recommendations available.